An Essay On Man By Alexander Pope - 1265 Words

As the eighteenth-century moved forward, the socio-economic classes in England became more divided than ever. For authors, this expanded what they were able to write about, as the desire to be prosperous was beginning to take over the morality behind getting to the top social classes. In an excerpt from Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes, Hobbes suggests that morality and economics are innate qualities of humans, as the species was designed to compete over such things. In an excerpt from Second Treatise on Government by John Locke, Locke argues that social norms have a greater strong-hold on morality than the drive for economics, though they both do drive humans. In â€Å"An Essay on Man† by Alexander Pope, Pope suggests to readers that morality and economics are linked to God’s plan for every human being. The relationship between economics and morality are explored by Hobbes, Locke, and Pope throughout their respective works. Hobbes combines morality and economics by tackling the innate qualities of human beings. According to Hobbes, humans are selfish creatures who are driven entirely by their own desires to self-preserve. He writes: â€Å"And therefore if any two men desire the same thing, which nevertheless they cannot both enjoy, they become enemies; and in the way to their end†¦endeavor to destroy or subdue one another,† (Hobbes, 1). This concept applies to economics, as it soon becomes a debate of humans taking what others desire for no reason other than to just have it. While this isShow MoreRelatedCandide by Voltaire and Essay on Man by Alexander Pope578 Words   |  2 Pages In the book Candide, by Voltaire and in the â€Å"Essay On Man† by Alexander Pope, both authors write about similar ideas. However, they also have some drastic differences, such as Voltaires sarcastic over exaggeration of ideas that oppose his to make a point. Both Voltaire and Pope make conflicting arguments for a general ideology but Voltaire depicts in opinion much stronger. In the Essay on Man, Pope brings up many theories about the universe, Earth, and The Great Chain of Being. One of the mostRead MoreThe Life of Alexander Pope859 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"An honest mans the noblest work of God.† Alexander Pope life was rough as a child because of his illness. In his early career, and even later in life he wrote a lot of famous poets. Alexander Pope lived his life as a famous writer until death from his childhood sickness Alexander Pope an, English poet was born on May 21, 1688 on Lombard Street in London. His father, Alexander Pope, a Roman Catholic, was a linen-draper who afterwards retired from business with a small fortune, and fixed his homeRead MoreDifferent Viewpoints on Human Nature Essay520 Words   |  3 Pagesdetail than Candide, The Prince, and Essay on Man. Voltaire, Niccolo Machiavelli, and Alexander Pope, who wrote these three works respectively, concur with each other on many view points. But it is their differences that make the works unique. Voltaire wrote Candide in 1759 during the period known as the Enlightenment. It is a story that has a deeper symbolic meaning about life and human nature. At face value it seems to be an optimistic tale that speaks highly of man. But when looked at closely, itRead More Alexander Popes Essay on Man511 Words   |  3 PagesAlexander Popes Essay on Man - Man is Never Satisfied Alexander Popes Essay on Man is a philosophical poem, written, characteristically in heroic couplet. It is an attempt to justify and vindicate the ways of God to man. It’s also a warning that man himself is not as in his pride, he seems to believe the center of all things. Eventhough not truly Christian, the essay makes implicit assumption that man has fallen and that he must seek his own salvation. Pope sets out to demonstrateRead MoreSummary of Alexander Popes Poem An Essay Man743 Words   |  3 Pages An Essay on Man Summary Alexander Popes poem An Essay on Man begins with an introduction related to how Pope wants his friend, Lord Bolingbroke to abandon all of his plans in order to assist him in a mission meant to vindicate the ways of God to man. Section 1: The first section emphasizes the fact that man can judge only with regard to our own systems, as people do not have the ability to comprehend the greater scheme of things. Pope wants his readers to understand that humanity isRead MoreAn Essay on Man vs. Candide795 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿An Essay on Man vs. Candide During the period of Enlightenment, many philosophers began a new way of thinking. For philosopher Alexander Pope in An Essay on Man, Pope believed that, â€Å"Whatever is, is right† (L. 294), in that God is in control and every human being is a part of a greater design of God. Voltaire later challenged that belief in Candide with the idea that God does not produce order, but instead, we must produce it ourselves and use reason to give our lives meaning. Pope’s positionRead MoreTragedy : A Great Topic1061 Words   |  5 Pagesas in bodies, thus in souls, we find what wants in blood and spirit, swelled with wind: Pride, where Wit fails, steps in to our defence, and fills up all the mighty Void of sense.† (Page 702 Lines 1-10). This is a quote from Alexander Pope’s An Essay on Criticism. Alexander Pope wrote poetry. His favorite topic was informative. In this poem the first fourteen lines are about pride, stanza two is about the lack of learning. He also ta lks about wit, judging a book by the cover, how hard it is to pleaseRead More Analysis of Alexander Popes An Essay on Man949 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Alexander Popes An Essay on Man    There are three main issues that Pope talks about in his long poem An Essay on Man. First, the poet evokes a timeless vision of humanity in which the universe is connected to a great chain that extends from God to the tiniest form of life. Secondly, Pope discusses Gods plan in which evil must exist for the sake of the greater good, a paradox not fully understandable by human reason. Thirdly, the poem accuses human beings of being proud and impiousRead More Comparison (J. Swift A. Pope) Essay562 Words   |  3 Pagesattitudes portrayed in Alexander Pope’s An Essay on Man and Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal† towards mankind is strikingly similar. Both acknowledge the view that man has dominion over the earth, as created and instituted by God. However, the difference is seen in their approaches to this subject. Pope primarily focuses on man’s pride and place in society, whereas Swift discusses how man deals with certain situations reasonably or unr easonably. Pope and Swift present situations that man has to face inRead MoreAlexander Pope and Christianity1360 Words   |  6 Pagesof Christianity in Essay on Man Alexander Pope is an eighteenth century writer who spent most of his life suffering. He had a rare form of tuberculosis which left him in constant pain. As a result of this disease, he never grew very tall. He was only about four and a half feet tall and he also experienced migraines (Greenblatt 2714). Despite all of Pope’s impediments, he managed to write Essay on Man which portrays an extremely optimistic outlook on life. Although Pope says that he â€Å"avoids

Hoop Dreams and Rasin in the Sun - Comparison Contrast Paper

The movie Hoop Dreams shows you the difficulties and obstacles that come in the way of dreams. Although its said that if you believe in a dream long enough it will come true, but in Hoop Dreams and A Raisin in the Sun you are shown the harsh realities of the falseness of that statement. And that the reality of a dream not coming true hits you like a brick wall. br brMany obstacles get in the way of the road to dreams in both stories. In both stories, all families suffer from having little knowledge, and it doesnt help that theyre all black. Also being poor and living in the ghetto makes things that much harder. Pregnancies also put big bumps in the road to success, in both instances it makes the families come together and try their†¦show more content†¦Walter needed his money, and William and Arthur needed more talent to be good enough to make it the NBA. All three of them had the same attitude towards the dreams, No matter what this dream is going to come true. The Worst part of it is that all of them let the dreams take over their lives. The harshest reality of all is that neither of their dreams come true. And each one of them had the chance to have their dreams come true, Walter had his money stolen, and neither William or Arthur had enough talent to make it to the NBA. The last deciding factor in making difference in dreams, Will iam had a mature dream, in that of owning a liquor store, and its a normal everyday dream. But, Williams and Arthurs dreams were immature and not very thoughtful. They both wanted to be in the NBA, and that was all they were going to do, they didnt even care if they had their education to fall back on, they both were so certain that they were going to make it in basketball that all they had to do was play. Luckily William realized that he needed something to fall back on in case of not being good enough to make it, so when he finally realized he wasnt going to make it to the NBA, he had an education. Arthur on the other hand, all his life was, was basketball, he ate, drank, and slept basketball, didnt care much about school. br brThe difference in these two stories clearly shows that Hoop Dreams clearly showed the harsh reality of dreams, and the

Summary of Sociology Free Essays

Cutures are made up of different people, differnt backgrownds, Traditions, race and aspects of life. Culture shock can happen to an induvidual or group of people such as a tourisist or foreigner who have a problem adjusting to a new culture. Symbols play a huge part in all cultures around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of Sociology or any similar topic only for you Order Now From everything to language, hand gestures and communicating. Different societies could possibly have the same symbols but mean totally different things by them. Adaptation is something human beings have done since the beginning of time to fit the environment best that we live in. Clearly diffusion plays a big part in cultures societies all over when we come in contact with one another expample: KFC in japan and chinese food in america. Diffusion at it’s best. Cultural lag is something that some societies suffer, from where one culture is moving faster than another in a technological sence. Scientist believe that animals do not share culture amongst themselves, but some scientisist do, when a test in the 1950’s had shown that apes are capable of mastering small aspect of human language without talking. There are three types of norms cultures usally go by. Norms, Ideal norms and real norms. A norm in america would be eating beef and in hinduism there norm would be to worship cows an ideal norm in in china would be that math is something that everyone should be good at. Real norms would mean†¦ There are ten comandments but the way times are in the world the average person has broken at least one anyway. I feel i can relate to cultural shock alot because when i first moved outhere from L. A in 1995 i was a kid and i hated it. No noise at night did’nt know anyone yet had to make friends all over again and start at a new school. Took me some time but after a while i finally got used to it and it took me a while to stop missing where i came form. How to cite Summary of Sociology, Papers

ALDI Operations Business Store Chains

Question: Describe about the ALDI Operations for Business Store Chains. Answer: Introduction ALDI operates more than 7000 stores in Germany, Australia and the U.S. The company is in phase to expand its operations. The company has established stores that are recognized as the best value among the store chains. The company believes in getting competitive advantage through efficiency. The Supermarket industry is highly competitive and the customers are price sensitive. The customers seek value for money, i.e. the best product at the cheapest price possible. The company understands this competition and has a lean approach in its business operations. They offer their customers quality products at competitive prices. The target strategy of the company is such that they reduce the price of the product without reducing its quality, this gives ALDI advantage over its competitors. The company believes in eliminating wastes and reducing costs in all the business areas such as time, energy, space, and effort. The company has a culture where they improve continuously and has Just-in-time production that reduces their need to maintain large stock levels. The time-based management allows the company to have operations in time and reduce wastage. The company has flexible multi-skilled workforce. The company has quality assurance ideals where the workers have the responsibility to get it right in the first time (Mckeown, 2015). Expansion of ALDI in the selected market The company should expand its operations in Czech Republic. It is a country located in Central Europe with the population of 10.5 million and estimated nominal GDP of $189.882 bn. Industry Analysis: PESTLE FRAMEWORK Political Factors The company has operated in a globalized environment with its stores being in Germany, Australia and the U.S. Aldis performance is influenced by the political and legislative conditions of the country in which it operates. The company has to give mix job opportunities that are flexible and range from lower to high pay, local based as well as skilled and for this the company needs employment legislations. It is often considered that once a new retail store is developed it usually destroys the traditional stores business and they are compelled to cut costs, so Aldi has to understand its impact on the people and their job since it is operating in a labor-intensive sector. The country is a member of the U.N., the European Union and Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development. The overall political framework would work in the favor of the company in expanding its operations (Sharma, 2015). Economic Factors Economic factors are of a major concern for the company. They are majorly out of the control of the company but they affect the performance largely. Czech Republic has shown a growth rate of 2% in grocery retail in 2014 due to improved economic conditions of the country. Hypermarkets beings the highest channel accounts for thirty eight per cent of the total value share of retail. Aldi operates at very competitive price offering discounts and has competition with two major players, Penny market and Lidli. The advantages that ALDI has are the improved economic conditions are expected to increase consumption. The country has good and developed infrastructure and also highly developed distribution system but to the disadvantage the company has to face some heavy competition (Riholdi, 2013). Social and Cultural Factors Aldi targets customers, who want products of quality at a decent price. The general tendency of most Czech customers is that they are price-sensitive. Though there is a growing demand of people who would pay for good quality a little extra price but most customers would prefer quality at a nominal rate. To top this type of clientele the company has to continue its policy of offering discounts and giving quality product at a competitive price. Technological factors Major factors that influence the development of any company are the technological factors. The company has been an efficient company and used technology to its advantage in cutting costs. Czech will continue to provide such technological benefits to the company since the country is technologically developed. Legal Factors Legislative policies have a direct impact. The country has laws and policies in place and the company has to abide by them to work in Czech. The policy for monopoly controls and reduction of buyers power might carry stringent rules to enter the market. Environmental Factors The environmental factors will not be an issue for the company. The country provides good working conditions environment both in terms of temperature and working conditions. The overall analysis suggests that ALDI should expand its operations in Czech Republic due to its growing economy, stable political framework, supporting economic and technological factors and supportive legislature policies. The overall environment to conduct business in Czech will be more beneficial for the company than expanding into New Zealand or Mexico. Opportunities and Threat in Industrial environment Industry Analysis: Porters five forces 1. Threat of New Entrants The modern grocery store dominates grocery market in terms of value share of the retail, whereas traditional retailors dominate in terms of the number of outlets. The threat of new entrants is high in this type of industry. Czech has free trade within European union, so the retail chains can seek their suppliers from more economical sources within the European zone, this makes setting up a retail unit easier as good quality supply can be sourced at a cheaper price. The barriers to entry are not any legal barriers but only that the competition is severe and cost of capital investment is high in setting up, but for a company like ALDI investing capital and competing with big players is not a difficult situation (ALDI, swot analysis, Usp competitors, 2016). Economies of scale: The retail industry has to make use to economies of scale to sustain in the market. Power lies with Aldi because the company is using economies to scale to a great extent it in its operations. Capital Requirement of entry: to enter the market the capital requirement is high. There is no entry and exit cost but cost of setting up is high, the company can face competition from small competitors but they will not be a major threat. Customer or supplier loyalty: Customers are price sensitive and can shift from one retail brand to another if the prices are low. Supply chain the distribution system has to be well developed. Experience to compete with existing market leader a new entrant needs an experience in the industry. Differentiation- the opportunity lies in differentiation but the company cannot offer differentiated products because it will lead to rise in price. Bargaining Power of Suppliers This force represents the power that lies with the suppliers. The supplier has a fear of losing their business to big retail stores or supermarkets. This puts them in not a very strong position to bargain with the supermarkets. The supermarkets in this case have the options to source good quality material at cheaper prices from anywhere in the European Union since the country has no trade barriers in the zone. This gives supermarkets all the more powers to bargain with the suppliers and get good prices. The supermarkets are forced to get products at cheaper price due to severe competition. They have been forced to reduce their profit margins and this affects their relationship with the supplier that is under constant tension. Aldi ensures to meet the standards with their products. Along with the company also has a just in time approach which only allows the company to hold onto the stock that is essential. Bargaining Power of Customers The bargaining power of the customer is high if the company is catering to individual clients and is service based. Aldi being in one such industry realizes that the customer is price sensitive and switches because of costs since there is no transfer cost involved. Aldi as a seller has to be more persuasive to sell its product since the bargaining power of the customer is high. Since it is entering the market as has severe competition, there is no brand loyalty as of now for the company in the market of Czech, so the company has to develop brand loyalty of the customer by giving them discounts and offers that they are tempted to be loyal towards ALDI. Threat of substitutes Generic substitution reduces the demand for a certain product. The threat of customer switching to another brand or substitute will always be high for the company. The company is also threatened by the change in trend as this will also lead to change in the demand pattern for the product. In this industry there is a product for product or there is a substitute for every product. Aldi also has to face such threats in their business. Bargaining Power of Competitors The industry is very significant in its size. It is huge; there are lots of existing players in the market, the large players as well as the small players. The large players will always dominate the market with their prices and variety; the small players might be dominating in the area of ease and convenience. To operate in such a competitive market the company has to operate on its full potential. Aldi is a sophisticated large chain, and they can capture the client information well and can make relevant use of such information in a way that they can communicate with the client and can use it to their advantage. Aldi as a large market player will always have to focus on low price and value but also provide quality product along with the value element of service. The opportunity for the company lies in bargaining power with the suppliers. The company can bargain with the supplier on their own terms since the company is a big market player and a supplier would not like to lose on to such a big key player. The threats would always hover like threats of new entry in the market, threats of substitute, and threats of increasing the customer bargaining power and most importantly threat of rivalry. A company has to analyze all its opportunities and threats. Strengths and weakness in the internal environment Aldi enjoys a sustained competitive advantage. The company has its strength and weaknesses in the internal environment. The strength of the company lies in its product diversity and size. The weakness is that the products are easily substituted and there is no difficulty in imitating the products. VRIO analysis is a framework where several elements are considered for evaluation. V is for value, i.e., what is the value of the resource and how easy it is to obtain the resource from the market. R is for Rare, whether the resource is limited or rare. I is for imitability, is it difficult to imitate the product or not and O is for organization in respect to its arrangements, whether the organization has properly supported the resources with the arrangements or not. This analysis is done considering all the elements. The result is usually in terms of competitive advantage to the firm. It could be; No value would result in competitive disadvantage to the firm. Value but not rare would result in competitive equality. Value, rare but could be imitated would result in temporary competitive advantage. Value, rare and not easily imitated but the organization is not using it properly to the advantage would result in the unused competitive advantage. Value, rare, not easy to imitate, and organization is using the resource properly would result in long-term competitive advantage to the company (Jurevicious, 2013). Resource Value Rare Imitable Organization Impact Diversity of products Yes No Yes Yes Temporary Competitive equity Size of the company Yes No No Yes Temporary Competitive equity Brand Name Yes Yes Yes Yes Long term Competitive Advantage Guest Service Yes Yes Yes Yes Long term Competitive Advantage The analysis of this table shows that Aldi has value for money products, but they are not rare and are easily imitable, but the organization makes full use to the products and showcases the diversity. The impact of this on the organization results in temporary competitive advantage, reason being that the products are from different category, but could be easily found anywhere since they are not rare and are imitable. The size of the company is of value, since it is large, is not rare though because similar scale operations are there in the industry who serve the similar kind of products, the size of the organization is imitable but the organization is using its full potential to showcase the products and make use of its resources. The brand name of the company is a value for it, since the name involves discount it adds value and is rare for the company. It is not imitable and the organization stands true on its name and offers the products at a very competitive price to its customers. The guest service at the stores are of value, since Aldi has a no nonsense store policy and they do not believe in elaborate store displays but they rather believe in good customer service by offering at a cheaper price. It is rare for the company and not easily imitable. The organization justifies the use of the resources with its guest service. The strength of the company lies in its brand name, size of the company, value for money approach. But the weakness of the internal environment is that the products are easily imitable and there are several others in the industry with the same pattern of business model. The diversity of products is strength but it is does not give the company a long term competitive advantage, since the products are not rare. The long term competitive advantage is in the discounts the company offers which is possible due to the collective power company has over their supplier that helps them in reducing the cost of the products and giving the best price to their customers (luo, 2014). Modes of entry for the firm in the Czech Market The retail stores operating on a large-scale level that serve in various countries have their own supply chain. They procure the material from one major source that helps them achieve economies of scale. However in Czech, due to the free trade the retail chains have the liberty to source materials from the local vendors in large quantities and save on the cost of transporting materials from their headquarters to the retail outlet. The most common types on entry available to the international retail stores are, non-controlling interest, Setting up international stores as a part of internal expansion, merger or takeover, franchise model, joint venture and green field investment. Non-controlling interest- this approach is for the companies who are in their initial years of expansion. When the company is evaluating its expansion options in the international market but lacks the market understanding and has the option of putting in the money in an established brand of the country in question. The companies then usually put their interest in a company operating aboard but they do not get any direct control of the management or over the operations. International stores set up as a part of internal expansion process- when a company is interested in the global presence and has analyzed the potential market for their product, they open a store under their direct brand name. the resources are put in branding and marketing the new operations of the company. This is usually done by the most established brands that are aware of their brand equity. Takeovers when a big company buys out a smaller company. This is done when an existing business is either in needs of funds or management expertise to sustain in the market. The big company takes over the control and operations of the smaller business. The business is taken over and the company who has taken over decides the operational process of the smaller company. Merger is when two company forms an alliance, it is either a partnership of a said percentage or complete merger. One of the company is either dissolved or both the companies form an alliance to become one. Either way, the footprints of the larger company are more visible in the market. This model is adapted by a lot of big companies who plan to expand their operations internationally but have certain barriers either in terms of market understanding, legislative or process of the country. Franchise model this is the most common and favored model of the expansion. The business which is a established name in the market, when it decides to enter the international market but does not want to merge with the local business or has no willingness to take over any smaller business and does not directly wants to invest resources in setting up operations abroad, they form a franchisee agreement. A franchisee agreement enables a brand to lease out its name and operations process to the person they decide to form an agreement with. The liability to invest in the business is of the second person. Under this model, the parent company guides the franchisee for its operations and functioning. This model is highly successful model but it also depends on the right entity that forms an agreement with the established brand. Joint venture is when partners form an alliance to expand their operations and work for the benefit of both the companies. A brand of one country might form an alliance with the brand of another country to establish its outlets there. Greenfield investment in this form the company directly invests in the foreign country and starts its operations from the ground. The company builds every possible necessity required to undertake its operations. This is done when the companies usually have competitive advantages and are on the willingness to achieve economies of scale. The most appropriate or suitable mode of entry for Aldi would be Green Field Investment model. In this model Aldi would build its facilities in Czech, would establish distribution hubs and all the other required amenities. The company believes in achieving economies of scale and thrives on competitive advantage. The company would have maximum design flexibility to meet the requirements of the project. The new facility would also reduce the maintenance cost for the company and it could be designed and build accordingly to meet the current as well as future needs. The company would also get a chance to improve its corporate image in the establishing country. The drawbacks might be that the sites may not be fully operational for quite a while till all the operations are completed and it might take considerate time frame to get the approvals from the concerning councils. The company might have to meet some difficulties while setting up the sites in terms of ground conditions, approvals a nd permissions, and lack of site availability, high costs incurrence (Dudovskiy, 2012). Conclusion The company should expand its business operations In Czech Republic because of the political stability, good legal, economical and technological environment of the country. The company has its strengths in offering the low price along with quality to its clients. The company believes on attaining economies of scale. The company should take the Greenfield mode of investment in the country while planning to set up its operations that will help them achieve economies of scale in their operations. References www.pestelanalysis.com (2016). What is pestle analysis? A tool for business analysis. [Online]. Available at: URL https://pestleanalysis.com/what-is-pestle-analysis/ [Accessed on 10th October 2016]. www.santandertradeportal.com ( 2016). Czech Republic: Economic and Political Outline [Online]. Available at: URL https://en.portal.santandertrade.com/analyse-markets/czech-republic/economic-political-outline?actualiser_id_banque=ouiid_banque=0memoriser_choix=memoriser. 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[Accessed on 10th October 2016] www.nztech.org.nz (2016). From tech sector to digital nation. [Online]. Available at: URL: https://www.nztech.org.nz/promote/about-the-sector/ [Accessed on 10th October 2016] www.nis.doc.gov (2016). 2015 statistical analysis of U.S. trade with Mexico [Online]. Available at: URL: https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/statistical-reports/country-analysis/28-technology-evaluation/910-mexico-analysis. [Accessed on 10th October 2016] www.treasury.govt.nz (2016). New Zealands business environment relative to other countries. [Online]. Available at: URL: https://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/research-policy/wp/2007/07-05/13.htm [Accessed on 10th October 2016] www.fao.org. (2016). The legal, political/trade environment. [online]. Available at: URL: https://www.fao.org/docrep/w5973e/w5973e08.htm. [Accessed on 10th October 2016]. Mckeown,M. (2015). Why aldis commercial strategy is proving so successful. [online]. Available at: URL: https://theleadershipnetwork.com/article/creative-leadership/aldi-strategy. [Accessed on 10th October 2016]. Sharma,R. (2015). Pestel framework porters five forces. [online]. Available at: URL: https://thinketc.com/pestel-framework-porters-five-forces-aldi/ [Accessed on 10th October 2016]. Riboldi, M. (2013). Copy of aldi.[Online]. Available at: URL: https://prezi.com/fano82ihxicf/copy-of-aldi/. [Accessed on 10th October 2016]. www.mbaskool.com (2016). ALDI swot analysis, USP competitors [Online]. Available at: URL: https://www.mbaskool.com/brandguide/lifestyle-and-retail/2041-aldi.html. [Accessed on 10th October 2016]. Luo, Z. (2014). Copy of aldi swot analysis. [Online]. Available at: URL: https://prezi.com/dj4lmtw6cc3_/copy-of-aldi-swot-analysis/. [Accessed on 10th October 2016]. Jurevicious, O. (2013). VRIO framework. [Online]. Available at: URL: https://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/vrio.html. [Accessed on 10th October 2016]. Dudovskiy,J. (2012, July 2nd). Greenfield Investment and its utlisisation by aldi and lidl. [Online]. Available at: URL: https://research-methodology.net/greenfield-investment-and-its-utilisation-by-aldi-and-lidl/. [Accessed on 10th October 2016]. Government of the Czech Republic (2014, February 14th). Policy Statement of The Government of The Czech Republic. [online]. Available at: URL https://www.vlada.cz/en/media-centrum/dulezite-dokumenty/policy-statement-of-the-government-of-the-czech-republic-116171/ [Accessed on 10th October 2016].

A Girl or A Boy . . . You Pick essays

A Girl or A Boy . . . You Pick essays In the July 23, 2002 issue of the Los Angeles Times Newspaper, there was an article entitled "A Girl or a Boy, You Pick" written by Aaron Zitner. The article discusses the embryo-sorting technique called pre-implantation genetic diagnosis or "PGD" and how embryo sorting makes it possible to screen for gender and diseases prior to implantation in the uterus. In the article, the author brings up some of the ethical questions PGD raises with regard to the embryos no one wants. Is it proper to discard an embryo based on its genes or gender? Which lives are not worth living? Who decides? In this paper I will argue against embryo selection for these reasons: First of all, PGD is the ultimate form of discrimination, a discrimination based on the very building blocks of a person's life; secondly if PGD technology was available and used years ago the world more than likely would have lost the great ideals and works of contributors with genetically acquired disabilities. In the last few years a genetic basis has been discovered not just for various illnesses, but for such behavioral traits as shyness, sexual promiscuity, musical ability, risk-taking and over-eating and in the future it may be possible to select for genes that contribute to higher IQ, better eyesight, etc. PGD allows parents to specify that their children will not suffer from any "defects". But by who's standard do we define "defects"? Where do we draw the line? Isn't this genetic selection process the ultimate form of discrimination? Many parents will leap at the chance to make their children smarter, healthier and prettier and the ethical concerns will be overshadowed by the promise of creating better children. I believe that almost every parent would choose to genetically engineer their child when presented the question "Do you want to tamper with nature or would you rather leave your offspring to chance?" The way I see it, utilizing PGD technology to order ...

Case Study On Tesco Plc

Case Study On Tesco Plc Free Online Research Papers Tesco is one of the Leading food retailers in Ireland and United Kingdom. Tesco’s annual sales are moving through $5 billion and Tesco’s online grocery stores Tesco.com is one of the leading consumer service in online internationally with not less than 1 million customers and with 240,000 orders completed a week. Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919 located at East London. Company’s management was moving forward by the two key people, they are Sir Terry Leahy – Chief Executive and David Reid – Chairman. Tesco’s plc has an ultimate product ranges few are Groceries, Telecoms, Financial services and Consumer goods. The total Revenue of the company is up to 2009 is  £ 54.3 billion and the Operating income was  £ 3,128 million up to 2009. Tesco’s net income is  £ 3,090 million up to 2009. Over all the has a approximate + 440,000 employees world wide and nearly 2300 stores up to the financial year of 2009. Tesco has some subsidiaries like Tesco Ireland limited, Tesco Stores limited and Tesco Personal finance are the main business lines. 2. Background of Tesco: Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919, at that time he is going to sell groceries in East end of London from a stall. The first brand of Tesco was entered in market on 1924. Jack Cohen bought whole goods of Tea in the long years from T.E Stockwell. Then he made of new labels to the company using the three first labels of suppliers’ name as TES. The CO was formed by the first two letters. Because of that the name was formed as â€Å"TESCO†. In Burnt Oak, Edgware, Middlesex the first Store of Tesco was opened in 1929. The stock exchange entrance was held as Tesco stores limited in 1947 at London Stock Exchange. In 1951, the first self service store was opened which is formally known as Metro and in 1956, the first supermarket was launched. During the years Tesco was expanded their business throughout overseas. 3. History and Growth Chart of Tesco: Business Growth Year Jack Cohen founded Tesco 1919 (East end of London First day sale $8 and Profit $2) Owned nearly 800 Companies 1950-1960 Purchased Williamsons Stores (70) 1957 Purchased Harrow Stores outlets (200) 1959 Purchased Irwins stores (212) 1960 Purchased Charles Phillips stores (97) 1964 Purchased Victor value chain 1968 Annual market sales reached  £1 billion 1979 Annual market sales exceed  £2 billion 1982 Sold Victor value chain to Bejam 1986 Achieve the number one position in food retailing 1995 Launched Tesco.com 2000 Deal with Safeway 2001 Launched clothing â€Å"Cherokee† 2002 First major music download market (Tesco.com) 2004 Announces profits (annual)  £1 billion 2005 Enter into non food retailing 2005 Tied up with Royal bank of Scotland 2008 Tesco’s net income  £3,090 million 2009 5. Strategic Decision or an Optimistic one? : Tesco is a leading retailer in UK as well as Overseas. The Decision of the Tesco is depends upon the UK Economy, Market Position of RBS and Financial Crisis of 2008/09. These are he leading points of the company’s Decision. It is really a strategic decision why so it is the right planning to get growth in the business lines. The way of operating business can get the good results in financial phases. Tesco’s Strategic Decision in Finance: Tesco has taken a very good Decision why because, When ever the financial crisis is running, then the market values will be in down and it is the right time to get into the business line and later on we can grow our business through success path in future. Tesco is pushing into the move of consumer banking as a fully launched bank. Because of the competition from the street banks, Tesco was planned to launch the basic bank accounts to the customers for the better way of service and tied up with Royal Bank of Scotland. Tesco has the capability to maintain the insurance, car loans as the financial business lines in their own stores. This is the better way to service their customers towards the banking needs and save time as well. Tesco has planned to get the authorization from the financial services Authority. Tesco is challenging the street banks and the Insurance companies with their strategic decision and services offered by the company. The main thing is that, Tes co will maintain the true potential from the retailing services offered. Tesco was expertise that it can get  £500 million profit through the deal and it is approves by FSA. By this, it is a right decision to give customers consumer bank accounts. It will help the customers in a mean time. This will improve the business and it can make things easy and the profits will rise in growth. Due to these issues, Tesco is planned well and it is the strategic decision to move into the financial market. Tesco Finance Facts: Total Customers – 5.5 millions Bank Credit card accounts – 1.3 million Bank Savings Accounts- 3, 90,000 Credit card market share – 6.9 percent Number of ATM s in Tesco Stores – 2700 Percentage of Car Insurance market – 4.3 UK Economy: Europe’s largest financial center is London and one of the third biggest financial centers alongside Tokyo and New York. UK economy is based on the economies of Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales and England. After Germany and France, UK is the 6th largest economy in the world and the 3rd biggest in Europe. The UK dominated the trade internationally in 19th century. After the two world wars, Industry of the UK was declined and going Down in the base of business market issues. It posses every thing up to the 20th century as per the issues faced in the two world wars. In the national output, the only one 6th of the economy is a significant one in Manufacturing from UK. Market Position of RBS: In the British lands, the RBS (Royal bank of Scotland) is the major part in Insurance and banking. RBS was founded in the year 1727. Its head quarters are at Scotland, Edinburgh and United Kingdom. The Key people are Stephen Hester as CEO and Philip Hampton as Chairman. The revenue is  £49522 million as on 2008. The net income of the RBS was  £24137 million as on 2008 and finally the operating income was  £40,667 as on 2008. It is purely a financial based company which is going to serve in the area of financial services. From these information , RBS has a good market position and it can handle any financial crisis and the main thing is that the move in the financial services has to be good at strategies. Financial Crisis 2008-09: In the financial year of 2008-09, through out the world is in financial crisis and the most probable thing is 2008 April 22nd, RBS announced a right issue to raise the  £12billion in new capital of the purchase of ABN Amro. The bank has also announced that it has a great thing in the issues like divert the subsidiaries to raise further funds like insurance divisions. In this situation, the tie up with the RBS is the great thing to Tesco. It is a strategic decision of Tesco. 5. Strategic Approach of Tesco: Tesco is the biggest ultimate food retailing company in the world with nearly 2300 stores across world wide. Tesco operates the consumer banking facility to their customers and it operates on the non food sector. Tesco changed its strategy to change positions in 2008 for the corporate responsibility. Tesco has a build the three stair strategy for addressing the climate change in the company. The first objective is to reduce the GHG emissions from the operations of the own company. It has defined some legal plans for its carbon footprint. It is now reducing the reduction the plans and to committed transparent to achieve the specific goals. Tesco has a second objective that invest in a technology based era and set the work done with others and getting the profits. It is a better solution for the law carbon solutions. By this we can get the appropriate results with in a mean time. The third objective is to avail customers with the low carbon choices and the company y is ready for this type of the emissions. In this way the retailing companies can get the god result oriented business in international market. As per the Tesco retiling, the growth in the business is classified through five segments which described below. 1. Mainstay Growth in core UK: Tesco is one of the well established companies worldwide with profitable non food retailing in UK. It is bounded with the precious values of customers. Tesco has a significant growth in the core UK business with the employees of 280,000 and the stores of 21, 00. The group sales itself in growth coming from UK is 75 percent. A part from the food retailing, Tesco was started the non food retailing with the multi formats and it will help for the growth in the UK core business for Tesco and it is a very good change to improve the business needs of the company. It is one way to contribute the business needs to the United Kingdom. Tesco is providing the consumer needs in four ways of stores like Metro, Extra, Express, Homeplus and Superstore. By these stores Tesco is giving a successful business in UK and it’s a opportunity to increase sales better. 2. Convergent Business values: Convergent business values are the one way of approach to the community needs and it is an opportunity for the business growth. From this, Tesco is providing the more sufficient and suitable jobs and opportunities for those who are not in the community approach. It is one time profitability to the customers but Tesco is going to offer a life time loyalty to the customers in a better and significant way for the purpose of online community approach needs. It is going to be created a good will in the customers towards the company as well as the services offered by the company. Through the innovation and growth Tesco can do the better evolution in the market as well as in the company side too. Tesco is responsible to do the products in a healthy and a responsible way. 3. To be strong in non food: Tesco Is going to offer the different range of non food through the homeplus and extra stores. Tesco is providing the better non food through the stores for the needs of the customers in a better and flexible way. Tesco was started the Tesco Direct in 2006 for the better serving to the customer needs with 11,000 products and there are going to provide the delivery facility also. By providing this, customers are getting the better quality non food for the better prices including household things. Tesco is getting into the customers with a wide range of the clothing in the affordable way of service. It has the 27 centers to distribution and the 7 which they handle the non food and clothing ranges. Now there is a team for Tesco to operate the non food products internationally. By this way they are providing services to their customers in a better and a quality way. 4. Follow customers into new retailing services: Tesco is the one of the most powerful company in the non food retailing like personal finance. It was started the joint venture with the royal bank of Scotland. In the eve of that is has celebrated his 10th anniversary. Tesco is providing insurance and credit cards to their customers with affordable 26b new range products. According to the business news, they already announced as, they are getting the 50 % share holding in the Tesco personal finance with the agreement of RBS. By this Tesco is going to offer their customers to provide the better consumer needs. Tesco.com is the new way of providing service in online goods since 2000. Now the customers are buy online with the Tesco are one million. They are offered the better services like bag less. This year, Tesco is going to planned for better service in Ireland and south Korea. In mean while Tesco is providing mobile services like Tesco mobile from 2003 with a joint venture providing with O2. Now days it is the number o ne mobile network in UK customer service from 2008. 5) Overseas business growth: Overseas business growth is the main issue in the current financial era. It has the 30 percent of the stores in the outside of the United Kingdom and it is planning to make a better solution for the Tesco financial market. It is planning to make that 30 percent in the increased level of 45 percent by next year. It is a one type of expansion of central Europe and Asia. In this, Tesco was entered in the market in mid 90’s and now days it is going to operate the 12 markets outside the UK. It is a tremendous business plans for the growth of the company and to the share holders. It has 20 m customers and in overseas where they are getting totally  £700 m profit. In overseas markets in the every businesses has to be unique why so, by that way only we can invest in multi formats and get the good results by the financial year. It has a well established company and has a flexi brands to provide better service to the customers TASK -2 1. Tesco Capabilities and Resources to be Successful: Tesco Plc is one of the major food and non food retailing company in the world. Primarily it operates from the UK. Tesco operates nearly 2300 stores internationally, as per the Tesco the main major business growth is going on in rest of the UK. The business growth is well established in the rest of Europe and Asia continents. Tesco is providing the customers the great shopping facility through online and it is the most effective way to produce the internal and external process of online shopping. Tesco is operating through the multiple format stores like Express, Metro, Extra and Superstore. Tesco has an agreement with Royal bank of Scotland to expand the business in the financial market. Actually in the mean time of the financial crisis, the share values will be down and this is the right time to enter into the financial business and generate the good results with an appropriate strategies. 2. Tesco Financial Market Consumer Banking Competency: Tesco has a capability in the financial market to move forward with the continuous growth and the profitability. In the global market it has a million dollar position and now it can take a change to grown in the business of financial market. It is already combined with the RBS while getting the 50 percentage of share holding to improve the facilities to the customers towards the consumer banking. Consumer banking is one f the good idea to provide customers the flexi way of maintain the bank accounts. It is the most supervision pat of the Tesco. Tesco has a personal finance to meet the criteria of the financial market. Tesco is going to enable the various global retailing businesses towards the financial markets. In the process of the mean things, the global market is in down because of the financial crisis 2008-09. In the mean while it is an open offer to take the share holding in the RBS will give a good change to grow the business in the banking and financial sector also. With the motivation of the non food retailing, Tesco entered into the financial market with the successful efforts. Now the consumer banking is one of the major facilities, what the customer needs in every day of life. Tesco is going to provide the customers the loyalty to the lifetime. In the needs of the enthusiastic efforts of the Tesco in the financial market, it’s a good change to grow the business in overseas. 3. Tesco Profitable returns review: Tesco is a well branded company and it sells many products clothing, books, consumer goods and the only weaknesses are insurance and furniture. The competitor’s are focused in the specialized themes of the banking and insurance sectors due the growth in the financial market, but Tesco is not concentrating that much in the long back in that sectors. Now it has done with an agreement of RBS and now it is putting efforts in the financial market. There is so many challenges Tesco faced in the past years. Now it has a chance to grow the business towards the insurance and the financial sector in the global consumer banking facility. It has the most committed and the loyal staff to work under pressure and to bind with the company values. 4. Getting into Consumer Banking: Internationally there is financial crisis in the present market. It is the most advantage stage to get into the new business sector with enthusiastic strategies will get the ultimate profit in the financial field. Tesco is tied up with the RBS and the RBS is going to provide the card access and saving accounts services and Tesco is going to be operated the insurance, car loans etc consumer needs. Business growth is the main theme in the financial sector, where we can get more profitable returns through needful strategies. Due to consumer banking, in he present financial market the returns will get less and the product ability will increase in hike. Once get into the Consumer banking, the things will definitely change due to the services offering to customer as per their needs and loyalty. This is the right time to move into financial banking sector in UK to get profitable returns as well as company growth. 5. Tesco SWOT Analysis: What is SWOT? : SWOT is nothing but the Technical term which we will use frequently in the Marketing sector. SWOT is known as Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunity and Threats. Why SWOT? : SWOT will describe the current market position of the company and the capabilities of the company. When SWOT? Whenever you want to know about the present company position, market values, capabilities to expansion then we will make an analysis review through SWOT. It is called as SWOT analysis. Based on the review we can able to take the appropriate action towards the company growth and expansion of the business. Organization Background: Tesco plc is the world’s biggest retailing company. Its major primary business of food retailing is operates from UK. Tesco operates nearly 2300 superstores, convenience and supermarkets in the UK and the rest of Asia and Europe. Tesco offers financial products like banking services and insurance, as well as telecommunication products and electrical appliances products. i) Strengths: Growth in market share: Tesco holds the 13 percent overall market shares in the UK retailing market. The growth in the share market comes with the multi formats in the food retailing. Tesco has sufficient funds and has a capability to run the business in multi formats. These will get the profits and increasing the market share and by that including space availability and contribution, hypermarkets have a possibility to move forward in higher shares in the non food retailing. There is no sign of reduction in the growth of Tesco’s general retailing and ROI. In The late 2002 of Tesco’s investment through affordable efforts in west mild lands based store market group T and S was billed as the most antagonistic move into the neighborhood business market by a name of big retailer so far. This deal makes Tesco as the biggest convenience store in UK ranked as second after the co operative business group and it is going to open nearly 59 new stores in UK this year. Tesco’s non food retailing division has grown in the extent where the total 23 percent in its group incomes. Tesco’s overseas business in a hike position and it is growing in a periodical manner and it can get up with the group profits over next five years. If international market was good then it is a way to assume the result of continuous growth in Tesco’s provincial strength. Financial Insurance Sector: In motor insurance of public revenue 2003, Tesco has reached one million policies. That makes Tesco as the fastest well provider of motor insurance growing company ever. Tesco offered to the Clubcard holders to get the holiday insurance at checkouts through instant travel insurance. Over 330,000 dogs and cats get covered by pet insurance. Last year Tesco has reached the milestones of life insurance. Tesco get the most spirited life insurance provider in the Moneyfacts awards of 2003. Tesco’s online market: Tesco was started Tesco.com as the biggest online supermarket. This year the sales are grown up and this year it made sales of  £577 m with the profitable increase in sales of 29 percent compared to last year. Tesco online stores are now operating in country with nearly 270 stores where it is covered 96 percent of United Kingdom. By this unbelievable one million customers using consumer goods facility through online, there is a chance to improve the business stream and it has a strong platform to develop further in future. Company Brand Value: During the last financial year, Tesco profit is get increased 78 percent on operations at Asia, Europe and Ireland. Company has maintaining the quality and the customer worthy, healthy goods represent ultimate value. It has a good and well effort for the company growth and to move forward in the insurance and finance sector. Toughened UK market leadership : Since getting into the number one position in 1996, Tesco has launched a great strategy towards multi format values. Tesco’s United Kingdom sales are 71 percent larger than Sainsbury because of multi format. As per the Competition commission’s report, it is very difficult to Wal-Marts to get into the chance of UK leadership. This tells us that in domestic market Tesco is in an extremely strong position. ii) Weaknesses: Confidence upon the UK market: Currently International market is growing now, in this situation there is so many expectations over Tesco in coming five years. Tesco was depend upon the UK market where as they have 78.3 % of 2003 revenues. While in case of this situations this is not a major weakness of short term, for example like the Morrison’s group is going to purchase the Safeway chain. There is a possibility to balance the market share of UK and supermarket power. Debt diminution: Until the year of 2006 Tesco was not reduced its debit. Tesco has the ability to invest in the huge amount of capital in various business sectors. If the expansion of the business was running well then there will be some free cash for any other purposes. Due to this Tesco can invest the money and it has a capable to run business in various business lines. Operations: With the strategic approach, Tesco has a massive ability to expansion of the business. It has an active project value of  £23 billion. Its huge product range is an added advantage, Especially in United Kingdom. While the company strategy is in the form of fill the gap, this is quiet danger in sometimes to become a serial business successor. The most common thing is that, if the product ranges are huge then sometimes the quality and the earnings visibility will reduce. iii) Opportunities: Non food retailing market: In UK, Tesco is going to format the hypermarket with their increased sales by shares of 3 percent in the coming few years. It is going to use the structure for the market strategies and the merchandising techniques to the growth of the company. It will help to the growth of the company in overseas business line. Tesco is estimated that their non food sales will grow by double in coming four years. Now internationally it has a sale of  £7 billion and another is 23 percent totals. The main aim of the Tesco is to grow the business line in the form of non food retailing. It’s not like that things to say as consultancy speak to become a successful in the coming years. Already they planned to grow the business with the opened space of UK market for only non food retailing and now planning to increase the non food share from 5 percent to 6 percent, Overall market share should be increased by 100 basis points to 12.8 percent. To develop the business line in telecom sector is the biggest retailing service project of Tesco. The same thing happened in banking that repeating the strategic approach and values the brands. Beauty and Heath : In UK, Tesco’s beauty and health ranges are growing hike, and it is the biggest retailer in skincare. It has the market leading position in healthcare and the toiletries. It is also number one retailer in the market goods of baby goods. Tesco was invested the whole amount of  £27 million on beauty and healthcare alone. Now Tesco has 200 stores with the pharmacies and 19 stores with the opticians. Future Overseas Growth: In addition United Kingdom, Tesco was running operations in 6 countries in Europe. Those are Slovakia, Czech Republic, Turkey, Poland, Hungary, Ireland and Asia too. Asian countries are Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan and Japan. Its overseas sales were  £700 million 7 years before. Now it’s nearly ten times bigger and with profit of  £306 million and at most  £7 billion over all market. Tesco had a serious planning to grow the market with high range hypermarkets. Tesco is now using the space to spread over the business with the new strategies. Tesco has entered in the market of US with a strategic decision, for home shopping model the Safeway is to take the Tesco in US market. Tesco’s Telecom sector is the main thing to get the growth in business line with in a short period of time. It will surely develop the proper retailing services. iv) Threats: Structural Changes in UK would flicker a price war : The Followers in price were become aggressive in the UK market, Because of the Ownership of Safeway and new management of Sainsbury. Safeway prices are up by 6 percent while reducing by Morrison. Sainsbury is to reduce the lower prices and to recover in the market. With both Tesco and ASDA committed in leadership of prices that is what now a position to step down in market of profitability. Returns from Overseas could fall : The Case of Tesco is to growth in the overseas driving higher returns in group and the countries are moving in the critical positions. This will be the cause that competitors’ action, economic conditions or the Tesco’s business strategies failed. There is another consequence is that enter into the biggest market such as Japan and china. ASDA and WAL-MART Challenge: Since from long years in the shopping business line in US, Wal Mart was Purchased ASDA. Tesco is in danger to that position of market in US. In range of goods ad prices ASDA is in a very well position. ASDA is the well known biggest supermarket in UK after the TESCO and Sainsbury. However ASDA leads the gap of Sainsbury in the year 2003 with a better strategy. ASDA supposed to give a special offers to the customers that it would be the great thing in the retailing business line ever seen. Wall Mart is also planning to buy the major part of the business line in UK with the well known brands and it has that buying capacity. Overseas Expansion of Business: It is a very expensive thing in Business of Expansion through overseas. Large investment and marketing was required to enter into the market with a new brand name. Now the land prices are low and this is the right time to move into the distribution and operations which increases Tesco’s debit before it comes to decline. Korea is giving a good support in Tesco’s business to growth in international profit. In 2003/04 the growth of Tesco is one-third in Korea. Consumer spending in Korea is very low and its time to back on by the large investments and it will be high risk. TASK 3 1. Tesco’s Resources and Planning in UK: Presence in UK: Tesco is one of the top retailers in UK as well as overseas market. Tesco has started their operations in the mid 1920’s and they invest in different markets in different sectors. Tesco has approximately 2600 stores world wide. There are more than 4, 50,000 employees in the business units of Tesco world wide. They are in telecommunications, logistics, financial services, converting retailing and distribution. The most forward thing in Tesco is the affective product delivery. In this mainly food retailing is the basic and strong phase in Tesco business unit. It has a long term goals, like to be good in the core business of UK with the ultimate top level, spread over the business throughout the World as International brand, become strong in non food retailing as well as in food retailing, in the choice of customer demand has to be provide the new retailing services world wide. Business Growth in UK: Tesco is an international brand which is making business with good progress in UK. As per the market issues Tesco has a sales growing like 7.6% hike and the sales increased in the quarter is 4.8%. In the UK market Tesco has a strong business directs like petrol which is contributed by 3.0%, Tesco direct and the Tesco dot com are one of the strong business sales in the current market. Tesco is offering the new products as per the discount sales and they want customers spend less amount by reducing prices and make more affordable products available, new discounter products and related sales required. These lunches represents the biggest changes in the business since the value lines presented in 1993. By giving customers more profitable choices, they think to deflate the sales by 2 and 3 percentage points in this quarter. As per the result, over 300,000 more customers enjoying the great shopping every week and they got the more affordable sales volumes. Even in the dif ficult times also the normal merchandise retains to a strong appeal to the people. This performance was very better than the whole non food market. Utilizing Resources: Tesco is an international brand. Tesco has so many products like food, consumer goods, and non food products. Tesco is presence in UK from long years. It has a competitive strategy and the good analysis over the international market. Probably for any organization we have some needs; those are human skills, inventory, financial resources, production resources and technological resources. In the process of the allocating resources, the technique and the project management are the major part. Financial Earnings Estimation: In the Financial earnings, the numbers of analysts are 3 in the Feb 09, and the average estimation is $120. The low estimate was $1.16 in feb09. By this they are supposed to that the growth rate will be 4.17 % by next year Feb 10. According to the present market situation, the low estimation will be $ 1.22 in Feb 10.Regrding this, the company is getting more profitable growth and the good earnings in the present market. In the non food market also, Tesco is going to be lead in the next coming years. Due to the financial crisis, Industrial Business Relations: Tesco is getting 80% of the profit from the UK business through the unpredictable common Industrial Business Relations. Tesco is well-established company, which supports the United Nations universal declaration of human rights, and the core conventions of international labor organizations. The chief executive of the each national subsidiary is agreed to the transposed human right’s policy. Tesco is paying the fair amount in the matter of wages and the policies to the employees across world wide. They are paying with out reflections of the market position. Employees are not going to work extra hours why so they need the health and safety training towards their lives. They like employees to join in a trade union then only they can be united each other. Tesco is the biggest venture of members in the union of any company. It gains the sufficient growth by maintaining the business relations in the profitable manner. 2. Competitive Strategies of Tesco: Challenges: The main aim of the Tesco is to expansion of the business as per the needs of the customer services. In the growth of Tesco, it has a 27 percent of market share where the competitors are always behind one step. In the online market, there are huge grocery stores available and there is a need to expansion the market products in the other ways also. Here there is an opportunity to expand the business through online availability to the customers. The main theme of Tesco is that, if there is any market share left then they thought that there will be potential ability to expansion and growth of the business. The most challenging thing is to succeed in the business of furniture .why because they already failed in that causes of handling and shipping charges. In the mean while, to achieve the challenges there is a need to approach in a systematic manner. There is a few methodologies to achieve the challenges describe below. Changes in the Technological drives: In the present online market, the UK is internet diffusion as of the year 2007 is almost 64 percent and the Ireland one is almost 51 percent. These results make a clear idea and the growth of the new online shopping business ventures. In the mean while, Tesco was started the Tesco.com to get the possible market shares online and now it is in a good position to achieve the market figures and the competitors are in step behind. Convince the customer is not a good issue with the quality products and it is a preplanned venture and we are proud to offer good products in the needs of the customers. This strategy is not a fear-provoking thought to take risk to sell non-food items like furniture. Creating Business Values: The most affordable effort of Tesco is to enter into the online shopping why because, it will save money, cost and traveling expenses. The good thing is the convenience to people to buy the products online. It can increase the market efficiency and reduce the labor costs and transaction costs. Familiarly known Tesco brands get low cost in the internet and there also a trendy that internet can reduces the costs and customers get the products with low prices. Capturing Business Values: The most important thing in the Tesco’s Business is the DSIR. The strategy is the winner can takes all approach the new heights in business. In the UK business market, Tesco is now the number one in online and offline market. Tesco is also capturing the business values by membership cards and loyalty programs and special offers in Tesco web sites. By the performance of Tesco, all known the products online and it is a possible way to get the value through market pricing. Business Policy and Approach: The new initiative was launched by the Tesco.com was Tesco Direct. The new initiative brings non food items with a high reputation like bikes, cameras, electronics, Kitchenware , sofas and beds available through online for millions of online users. There are more than 8000 products in online for customers. They can purchase the online products through online by easy ways like phone banking or directly at the stores. Customers have a choice to deliver the products to home or to be picked from selected stores located in local. Supply chain System: Tesco will not change in the system of the supply chain because of its strategy and expansion. It has already a online line for the food retail, now is not that much easy to get into the non food retailing. If Customers needs the products, it can be supplied through online but it is the most expensive way of dealing things online. Overseas Business Growth Strategies: The main business thing is the flexibility. In any country, each market should be unique and they require different business approaches. Tesco entered in the Japanese market as the discount operator of supermarket. Because of that they can get the supply chain business in the coming future in a huge amount of business. The Secondary thing is the local values; the customers need the packages and the selling goods in a particular local manner and through the piles of produce to what they want. They are getting reached in the customer’s expectations through online business ventures like Tesco direct. Multi Formats are the new possible ventures in the online market; a whole thing is to spread your market everywhere in the world. Developing the capabilities is not a easy thing, why so for that we need to be good at the quality assurance and the right way of producing goods in a predictable manner to customers. Brands are the new segments in the present markets. The main brands aim of the Tesco is to enable the customers to get what they want. Tesco is a well maintained relationship with the customers. The first brand in China is the Tesco Legou, which is opened in Feb 2007 and now they are going to re branding the whole stores. The most affordable things done by the Tesco is to market every possible product through online. Effective way of selling products is the main cause of increasing profits in the business. Getting the huge amount of reputation will depends on the quality assurance. The main theme of the Tesco is the Customer satisfaction while purchasing the online products like food and non food. 3. Competitors and Market Position of Tesco: Competitors of Tesco: 1. ASDA 2. Sainsbury 3. Morrisons The Main competitors of the Tesco are Asda and Sainsbury. These are the main competitors in business strategies and the value markets. Before going to know about the competitors, we have to know the market shares of the companies in UK. According to that, we can able to come under estimation and also the product values intended by the companies. Supermarket Consumer Spend ( £000s) Market Share August 2008 +/- from July 2008 Tesco 6,351,531 31.6% ? 0.3% Asda 3,410,431 17.0% ? 0.1% Sainsburys 3,175,543 15.9% ? 0.1% Morrisons 2,233,137 11.1% ? 0.2% : Market Position of Tesco : 1. ASDA: ASDA is a group of companies and it is owned by the US Corporation Wal Mart Since 1999, the main competitor of the Tesco is ASDA Group why so, they have that enthusiastic potential to get the job done. It is the world’s biggest food chain market 8 times bigger than Tesco. The best selling brand of ASDA’s George was range of clothing. They are now putting pressure to move into the Matalan, the discount giant clothing and home furnishing market stores. 2. Sainsbury: Sainsbury is then biggest grocer unit in UK until the year 1995, but recently it is stepped out to the third position. The company struggled to get back on line. Despite of the things, the company couldn’t get back to the second position. The latest results shows that compared to Sainsbury share at 16.22 percent the ASDA’s share is at 16.6 % by the Taylor Nelson Sofres. Financial Position: According to the TNS WorldPanel, The share of the UK Tesco was increased by 0.3 percent as compared to 10th august 2008, at that time the share price is 31.6 percent. It was up by 12 weeks from the July 2008. The business share has raise and the recent low is 30.9 percent. Tesco operates overseas and in UK. The business would be in sufficient way to achieve the planned growth. Tesco has to be in provision of banking facilities in addition with the recent success of  £2.4 bn Eurobond issue. It can comfortably cover all the financial needs of the next year. It includes the TPF and Homever achievements. In Tesco’s business needs, with in maturity of 13 years there are no significant bonds in 2008 and 2009. The only  £300m of debit maturities are there in 2009 and 2010. The Group has planed to reduce the expenditure of capital by  £4 billion and it has to be like cash positive before the two acquisitions of the current financial year. International Performance: The International market sales were growing up by 25.7 percent at the actual exchange market rates and the constant rate as per was 21.4 percent. This was included in that why so, the sales in Asia were grown by 29 percent at constant market rates. That means we have a rapid growth in all European markets. Tesco is planning to provide new stores to customers with more than 7 million square feet space through out world wide. At the same time In Poland and Malaysia the Marko business has going well. Financial Growth: In 2007, Group sales (including vat) 11.1 percent. Underlying group profit before tax is 11.8 percent. Group profit before tax 5.7 percent. Underlying diluted earnings per share is 20.8 percent Diluted earnings per share are 14.2 percent. Dividend per share is 13.1 percent. Share price 355.40 p Detailed share prices are $ 15.60. Financial Growth: In 2008, Group sales (including vat) 51,773. Group profit before tax is 2,846. Underlying diluted earnings per share is 27.07 percent Diluted earnings per share are 26.61 percent. Return on capital employed 12.9 percent. References: 1. www.Tesco.com 2. www.Tescoplc.com 3. www.Tescoreports.com Research Papers on Case Study On Tesco PlcMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesOpen Architechture a white paper

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 8 - Essay Example (New World Encyclopaedia) EPA is the most comprehensive regulatory agency for environmental concerns. There are several legislations such as Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, United Nations Environment Programme, Energy Policy Act etc. for tackling the environmental issues. Climate change is caused due to imbalance between the incoming solar radiation and the outgoing heat of the earth. Human influences, Orbital variations, Solar Output, Volcanism, Plate tectonics and Ocean variability are the causes of climate change. Climate change can be prevented from reaching dangerous levels by reducing emissions through efficiency, substitution and sequestration. Conservation of energy, habitat, water, wetland, wildlife, marine life and soil helps restore ecological balance. The costs associated with loss of biodiversity is high and can lead to deteriorating ecological balance, hence sustainable development and consumption can help to conserve biodiversity. Non-Point Source Pollution is the sour ce of water problems and to mitigate this we must achieve zero discharge of pollutants as per the Clean Water’s Act.

Tom's of Maine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tom's of Maine - Research Paper Example Tom’s distribution strategy is selling its products thru health food stores and mass market outlets. Company’s products include toothpastes, mouthwash, deodorant, dental floss, shampoo, soap, shaving cream, and a line of herbal health aids and extracts. (Reference for Business). From a humble beginning of borrowed capital of $5,000, company has grown to be a top notched company earning millions of dollars annually. In 2006, the 84% controlling stake of the company was sold to Colgate-Palmolive on conditions that it will retain the culture of Tom’s Brand. Purpose of the sale is to concentrate in the manufacture of a new business from bees. In a general scope, customers look for support services ranging from correct use of product and making the product cost effective. Specifically, based on research and literatures reviewed, people want products that do well for themselves and products that do not harm the planet (Dougherty and Murthy 2009). Same authors said people need information; Buyers are interested on contents and labeling; Buyers are interested on quality of the product rather than speed of delivery and want loyalty programs. Interestingly, these results of survey could be related to what support services buyers from Toms, Inc want. In particular, buyers of Toms, Inc products want: safe and effective products. For instance, people were alarmed on the product safety scandal of Tom’s toothpaste disclosed by Guciardi, 2011, in a post in the Natural Health Society. Subsequent comments from users of this product proved loyalty to the brand, did not believe the allegations, and even researched to find out the truth. Discarding wastes is a growing problem in any community. To help in environment protection, company launched Tom’s of Maine Recycle Program wherein empty plastic bottles of shampoo of any brand, and other plastic products including

Was the Roman Imperial system,particularly its form of government, Research Paper - 1

Was the Roman Imperial system,particularly its form of government, more closely related to the Spartan or Athenian model - Research Paper Example erialism for instance, was often hegemonies rather than annexationists, and there were times when the roman militaries were inactive during the republic. This paper will therefore compare the roman imperial system to the Spartan governing. Ancient Greece for instance, it had four forms of governments namely: Aristocracy, Monarchy, Oligarchy and Direct Democracy. Direct democracy government was exercised in ancient Athens; here citizens of the state were allowed to participate in politically in making decision that seems to be standard to all citizens. While in Ancient Sparta they had an oligarchy form of government, here the state was ruled by citizens who were classified in small groups, the small groups were in charge of the military as well. Sparta had mixed government, as a result of the mixed government state, it had both Oligarchy and democracy; the state of Sparta was hereditary and it was ruled by two kings from the Eurypontid and Agiad families. They were both Heracles descendants and had same authority. This equal authority prevented them from acting against each other. This form of government acted as a model to other poleis, it had three ruling classes, the assembly, council of elders and the Ephorate. In spite of having the mixed government, Sparta was well organized in its rulings. On the other hand, kings were rulers of the Roman city state. The king acted as a supreme ruler and the power he had over his subjects was consolidated by his own negotiation with his gods. In addition as a King, he often ensured that he maintains both his title of supremacy in the military as well as religious authority. However, the ancient government was later broken by the Roman citizens after they expelled their last king; this led to the kingdom of Roman to become a republic, and later processed to be an empire. At this point, the government and religion became one; this came to pass because of Emperor Augustus as well as his successors. Moreover, kings

Strategies for Patient Safety in Drug Administration

Strategies for Patient Safety in Drug Administration This essay will focus on the aspect of nurses providing quality care in relation to patient safety within the nursing context of safe practice of drug administration. It will further discuss the underlying risk factors that are related to drug administration error and also discuss how to maintain a good practice to ensure patient safety. Robert et al cited in the National Nursing Research Unit (NNRU 2012) that quality care can be defined as when a patient is satisfied with a service or treatment being given by healthcare professionals.To achieve thisresult nurses need support, providing them facilities such as a good workforce and understanding to help improve safe practice (NNRU 2008). As Griffith et al (2003) stated, medication administration is one of the most important duties that are commonly undertaken by nurses which requires official authorized professional mandatory in hospitals or any care settings where care is delivered. These also, are responsible for their own standard of how to care for their patients (NMC 2008). Consequent to this, NMC (2010)standards for pre-registration nursing education emphasise that nurses are expected to work along with patients andcarerswhen administering drugs by means of facilitating information in regards to their treatment so that the patient can choose the right medical treatment. Corben V (2009) recommended that if nurses provide patients with enough information as well as educating them will increase patient trust and courage to take their medications. NMC (2008) further suggested that nurses should work with the five rights of medication administration in delivering care in clinical settings. This involves; the specify patient, the right drug, route, time and dose thus preventing drug administration error. However, Elliot Liu (2010), emphasise on nine rights including right documentation, action, form and response of drug management to maximise safe drug administration. National Patient Safety Agency (2004) defines patient safety as an event that accidentally may cause damage or does not damage patients in clinical settings where care is delivered. Consequently, these nine rights are there to guide nurses, failure to do so may not onlyprotect the patient from harm thus could also lead to legal action against the registered nurse (Schelbred Nord 2007). This means the nurse is known to be competent in carrying  out such task (NNRU 2012). This can also cause the National Health Service (NHS) a huge amount of expenses (NPSA 2007). According to NPSA (2011a) in Tingle J (2011a) indicate that 11% of medication errors in hospital were reported including patients’ falls and trips. However, the rise of incidents reported does not mean that patients’ safety is at high risk. Nonetheless, this is to bring awareness for nurses to provide a good quality care. Therefore, the nurse should show concern in patient safety (NPSA 2011c cited in Tingle J). Elliot Liu (2010) highlighted that nurses are required to administer drugs to the right patient as prescribed. This involves verifying the patient’s name alongside by asking him or her to state their names, date of birth and hospital identity number on the wristband as well as drug chart which shows a safe practice. Nonetheless, calling patients’ by their name may not confirm the patient identity as some patient with cognitive impairment or having language barrier might respond with no doubt (Bunker Kowalski 2008). However, Elliot Liu (2010) cited that in some clinical environments, not all patients such as mental health and service userin nursing homes carry wristbands with the hospital identity number, as they may not be capableof identifyingthemselves individually. Therefore, Lynn P (2011) also argues that in general, the ideal method is that nurses should be checking patients’ wristband to identify their name. Nevertheless, Shulmeister L (2008)pointsout that nurses working under stress due to heavy work-load could lead to not verifying patients’ identity beforegiving medication as required. Although this does not justify for a staff nurse not to follow the guideline of patient safety (Gould 2009). Additionally, nurses are expected to give the right drug to the patient as being prescribed. In a situation where the nurse is in doubt or not familiar with the prescribe drug, the nurse administering medication should use the British National Formulary as a guide (Dimond 2003).Williams D.J.P (2007) cited that an error in drugadministering could occur when a patient is prescribed the wrong drug without understanding the patient’s medical status. Benjamin D (2003) emphasised that nurses should assess patients’ knowledge of any allergies from the right drug being prescribed.Where there is a good quality of safe drugadministration, staff administering drug are expected to do so. If an allergy is identified, it is thenurse’sduty to document it and address it to the prescriber. Although Elliot Liu (2010) cited that sometimes for the patient’s best interest, they are given medication in spite of any sensitive reaction that the patient may have experienced due to the benefits of administering the right drug is more than the allergy experience. As a result the nurse administering should take this into account. In addition to this, an effective team work within the multidisciplinary is essential as this contributes to patient safety (Miller et al 2001). Consequently, registered nurses inform the prescriber immediately when a patient surfers a possible reaction from the drug given and documented. Thus this prevents patient from danger which may have been caused by the medication given NMC (2008). Elliot Liu (2010) furthermore highlighted that safe drug administration does not only involve giving the right medication to a patient but also it is the duty of a nurse to observe if the patient is responding well to the drug given. Consequent to this, the nurse will have to assess the patient’s effectiveness of certain drugs being administered like anticoagulants; anti-arrhythmics and insulin which are so potential that the patient’s blood glucose level, pulse rate, respiratory or urine output will need to be checked. Wright K (2009) state that for nurses to administer medication to patients it involves knowledge in drug calculation as this will help the nurse to give the right drug dosage to patients. NMC (2008) further highlighted that even though nurses may find some drug calculations very tricky to solve, as a result to maintain a good nursing practice it is the duty for another member of registered professional nurse to verify the drug calculations autonomously to reduce possible errors in drug volume or quantity. Armitage Knapham (2003) in Agyemang R.E.O WhileA (2010) argue that, most common drug incidents in hospitals is that a number of senior nurses in clinical settings sometimes do not follow drug preparation guidelines to ensure that drug prepared by another memberofstaff is accurate or not due to the hierarchy that the senior nurse may have overajunior staff. According to Tang et al (2007) research has shown that more than a thirdof theerror in drug administration to patients is due to wrong dose. Williams D.J.P (2007 highlighted that approximately 5% of drug doses given to patient in hospital were caused by medication error even though it was not the intention of the prescriber. Elliot Liu (2010) highlighted that sometimes administering wrong drug to a patient may take place if a prescriber does not prescribe the correct unit such as mg (milligram) in its place for mcg (microgram). Therefore, nurses are accountable to ensure patients’ safety and that they should be able to interpret patient’s drug chart cautiously.Therefore to prevent wrong drug calculation the nurse must make every effort to give the correct dose (Elliot Liu 2010). A safe medication administration can improve patient safety if nurses administer drug on the correct route as indicated by the prescriber. This action is a must to nurses and where the right route is not identified on the prescription, the nurse understands that the drug should not be administered but reported to the prescriber (Jones 2010). According to NPSA (2007) approximately 2.1% of drug administration errors from clinical settings were accounted for drug given mistakenly via the wrong route. King’s College Medication administration policy (2010) further recommended nurses to perform safe medication administration; therefore, it is not acceptable for nurses to prepare at the same point in time drugs such as oral, intravenous and intramuscular as this can cause giving drugs to patients on the wrong route. For example, this safe practice was well recognised during my clinical placement. Registered nurses were administering medication according to the NMC (2008) Standard for Medicines Management as well as Kings College Hospital Medication policies which involve the nine rights. Even though sometimes nurses had heavy work-load on the ward yet this did not justify an unsafe medication practice. NMC (2008) highlighted that as nurses are accountable for promoting patient wellbeing, also the nurse administering drug shouldbeaware to give patients medications at the right time. By doing so will enhance the effectiveness of the drug being prescribed for the patient. On the other hand, in some institutions drugs administrations are sometimes given in between half an hour before or in a while than the prescribed time dosage (Boundy Stockert 2008). Dean S (2005) in Elliot Liu (2010) mentioned that an investigation carried out in clinical  settings showed 31% of drug administration errors were due to those patients who have been given their drug dose at the wrong prescribe time. Additionally, documentation is another core element of nursing quality of care. Nurses are aware of recording and signing patients’ drug chart including the common drug name (generic), prescribed dosage, time, route and the purpose of the prescribe drugs as emphasised (Woodrow 2007). Also, the nurse is known to document whether if the patient rejects their drug as well as the possibility of not remembering to take the drug. Failing to do so could lead patients to be administered the same drug two times since there is no indication which can show that it has been administered. Therefore, the role of the nurse is to maintain an accurate record keeping maximising safe drug administration topatients(Woodrow 2007). Gladstone J (1995) in Agyemang R.E.O While A (2010) cited that even though patients are always the victim of drug administration error, nonetheless, nurses committing drug error are psychologically affected of remorse and have less trust or fear in legal action raised against him or her. Nevertheless, nurses recognize that addressing a medication error is a must. Also, reporting an incident may not only protect the nurse’s imagebut prevent another possible error from occurring and can be addressedin the local trust where the nurse is employed (NPSA 2010). Thus nurses by doing this, manifest their sincerity of theirprofessional character (NMC 208). According to Fry Dacey (2007) a survey carried out in the United Kingdom 94% participant of 127 out of 135 highlighted interruptions as a major factor that causes drug administration errors. However, Hitchen L (2008) in Jones SW (2009) stated that a number of NHS trustshave introducedthe use of putting on red sleeveless coat to minimise interruptions during drug rounds. Drug administration has always been an important task in the nursing care with factors contributing to medication error which affects patient safety. Therefore, it is necessary that preventive measures should be taken to minimise drug error in clinical settings. This means nurses must develop their knowledge in medication along with patient’s medical care plan as well as following hospital drug guiding principles (Agyemang While 2010). Although nurses are putting into practice the five or nine rights of medication administration in clinical settings, it is still difficult to achieve good quality of care as drug errors are still occurring in hospitals. Therefore registered nurses should consider patient safety as a major concern in delivering care in clinical settings and to achieve this, the nurse should continue to focus and provide a safe atmosphere when administering drug (Elliot Liu 2010).

The Red Scare Reality :: American America History

The "Red Scare" Reality During the cold war, fear and hostility toward communism were the driving forces behind many of the social and foreign policies in the United States. How much of this fear actually was grounded in reality? During the "Red Scare" America was totally taken over by a fear of communism, or anything/anyone that had anything to do with communism. Much of this fear was really unnecessary when you put things into prospective. American's were afraid of a communist takeover, which would almost never happen in the US. America was scared of communism it's self, which was a really unjustified fear. These fears of communism ended up taking some rights away from innocent Americans, which was the main thing that the Red Scare was trying not to do, and that is a loss of rights in America. The Red Scare was mostly unjustified, and was not really grounded in reality. The biggest fear on people's minds was a communism takeover. People thought that Russia was going to cause an internal revolution within the US that would eventually end up removing the democratic government and replacing it with a dictator and communist government. This would probably never happen, so there was nothing to be afraid of. America is, and has always been a more powerful country then Russia, so the thought of Russia event attempting an attack is foolish from the beginning. America was also happy with its democratic government, and would have squashed the revolution. This is why America never had any true reason to fear a communist takeover of their country. The entire Red Scare was meant to keep communism out, and the main reason they wanted to do that is so they could remain free. What really ended up happening was the opposite. When just normal Americans were accused of being a communist their life was over, guilty or not. Even if there weren't a communist they stood a very tiny chance of ever finding a good job without leaving the country. Some people were accused of being Russian spies. Some of these people were actually spies, but some were innocent, and yet they were put in jail, or even put to death for their "crime" against America. There were other instances like this happening all the time. People always expected their neighbor of being a communist, so they started to distrust them, which didn't make anyone lose rights, just caused conflicts among normal people.